The basic principle of industrial water treatment is to remove pollutants from water through physical, chemical, and biological means to meet the water quality requirements for industrial production or discharge. It mainly includes the following steps:

1. Pre treatment: During the pre treatment stage, physical methods such as filtration and precipitation are usually used to remove suspended solids, particulate impurities, and oil substances from water. This step can reduce the burden of subsequent processing and improve processing efficiency.

2. Chemical treatment: By adding chemical agents such as coagulants, flocculants, etc., small suspended particles in water are promoted to form larger flocs, which facilitate precipitation or filtration. In addition, chemical treatment also includes removing organic or toxic substances from water through oxidants and reducing agents.

3. Biological treatment: When dealing with organic pollutants, Microbial degradation methods such as activated sludge and anaerobic biological treatment are often used to treat organic pollutants. These microorganisms break down pollutants into harmless substances such as carbon dioxide, water, and nitrogen through metabolic processes.

4. Membrane separation technology: Membrane separation technologies, such as reverse osmosis (RO), ultrafiltration (UF), etc., can remove dissolved salts, organic matter, and microorganisms from water through physical screening, and are widely used for high standard water treatment.

By comprehensively utilizing these treatment technologies, effective purification and recycling of wastewater can be achieved, reducing the impact on the environment and improving the efficiency of water resource utilization.